ecuador cities by elevation ecuador cities by elevation

Highest town in Venezuela. note 1: Cotopaxi in Andes is highest active volcano in worldnote 2: genetic research indicates that the cherry-sized tomato originated in Ecuador without any human domestication; later domestication in Mexico transformed the plant into the large modern tomato; archeological research indicates that the cacao tree, whose seeds are used to make chocolate and which was long thought to have originated in Mesoamerica, was first domesticated in the upper Amazon region of northwest South America - present-day Ecuador - about 3,300 B.C. ecuador cities by elevation. The territories of the Viceroyalty - New Granada (Colombia), Venezuela, and Quito - gained their independence between 1819 and 1822 and formed a federation known as Gran Colombia. Quito became a seat of Spanish colonial government in 1563 and part of the Viceroyalty of New Granada in 1717. Winter, or the rainy season, lasts from January through June, and the dry season or summer from July through December. Ecuador is a country in western South America, bordering the Pacific Ocean at the Equator, for which the country is named. The most populated metropolitan areas of the country are those of Guayaquil, Quito, Cuenca, Manab Centro (Portoviejo-Manta) and Ambato.[1]. It is home to the countrys most important port (Port of Guayaquil) and most of Ecuadors import/export goods pass through here. The western coastal area of Ecuador borders the Pacific Ocean to the west, encompasses a broad coastal plain, and then rises to the foothills of the Andes Mountains to the east. Interactive Color Elevation Map Note: Please note that Ecuador Elevation Map is in alpha. ), urban population: 64.8% of total population (2023)rate of urbanization: 1.62% annual rate of change (2020-25 est. Here are the elevations of these capital cities: So measuring elevation only, the highest capital city in the world would technically be La Paz. It has the 29th largest exclusive economic zone of 1,077,231km2 (415,921sqmi) which includes the Galpagos Islands. In fact, it is the highest constitutional capital in the world. Below are the elevation maps of Ecuador for different zooms. Photo by Peter Wendelken. The largest city in Ecuador is Guayaquil, with a population of 1,952,029 people. But if we are going to compare apple to apples, we should rank these cities by equal measure by constitutional capitals. At its mouth, the river forms a broad estuary with two channels around Pun Island, the deeper of which is used for navigation. WHITE-NECKED JACOBIN Female (a hummingbird) Florisuga mellivora Hovering in Sleeping Hibiscus Bush in Mindo, ECUADOR. )3.81% (2019 est. The Putumayo forms part of the border with Colombia. South Africa even has three). Situated at an elevation of 9,350ft, it is the world's second highest capital city and the . Geographically speaking, Ecuador is broken down in three distinct regions, the coastal region along the Pacific Ocean, the Andes that cut through the middle of the country and the Amazon region. Tanager Photo by Peter Wendelken. The two primary cities in Ecuador are Guayaquil and Quito the commercial and political capitals, respectively. This Ecuador Elevation Map is licensed under CC BY-SA. Highest town in Ecuador. Guayaquil, in full Santiago de Guayaquil, largest city and chief port of Ecuador. Guayaquil Guayaquil, the capital of Guayas Province, is the largest and most populous city in Ecuador with a population of about 2,278,691. )$182.165 billion (2020 est. ), 77.9% (2018/19)note: percent of women aged 15-50, improved: urban: 100% of populationrural: 87.1% of populationtotal: 95.4% of populationunimproved: urban: 0% of populationrural: 12.9% of populationtotal: 4.6% of population (2020 est. )-$59.36 million (2019 est. )investment in inventories: 1% (2017 est. Main fishing products include herring and mackerel. Ecuador is divided into four geographic regions: the coastal lowlands and mountain area; the Central Andes Mountains and its two major chains (Cordillera Occidental in the West) and the (Cordillera Oriental in the east); the lower mountains that fade into rolling hills and lowlands of the east, and the territory of the Galapagos Islands - officially called the Archipielago de Colon - located about 1,000km to the west. Portoviejo is a coastal city and is the political and commercial center for the region. )43.2% of GDP (2016 est. June 16, 2022; Posted by usa volleyball national qualifiers 2022; 16 . ), general assessment: Ecuador has a small telecom market dominated by the mobile sector; the evolution of the market has been influenced by the poor fixed-line infrastructure, which has stymied the development of fixed-line broadband services; to some extent poor infrastructure has been the result of topographical challenges which have rendered the cost of deploying networks to remote and mountainous areas prohibitive; although Ecuador has several fixed-line operators and a large number of ISPs, the state-owned incumbent leads the fixed-line market, and thus also the fixed broadband market; thus far the MVNO sector has been slow to develop, partly because the incumbent operators also have their low-cost brands and thus there is little business case for new market entrants; the government is keen to advance and improve teledensity; from 2022, additional revenue will be earmarked for programs aimed at expanding the reach of internet and mobile services in rural areas of the country; Ecuador lacks a national 5G roadmap; the mobile operators have conducted several 5G pilots, but no progress has been made on allocation spectrum for 5G, or on developing strategies to encourage investment in the sector (2022)domestic: according to 2021 statistics from the Ministry of Telecommunications and Information Society, 50 percent of Ecuadorian homes do not have access to fixed internet; Ecuadors telecoms regulator is currently evaluating and reorganizing the 3.5GHz, 2.5 GHz, 700 MHz and AWS spectrum for future government tenders; 2G/3G technologies have a 91.11 percent of penetration and 4G technologies has 60.74 percent (2021); fixed-line teledensity is about 12 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular service with a subscribership of nearly 88 per 100 persons (2021)international: country code - 593; landing points for the SPSC (Mistral Submarine Cable), Panamerican Cable System (PAN-AM), Pacific Caribbean Cable System (PCCS), America Movil-Telxius West Coast Cable and SAm-1 submarine (SAm-1) cables that provide links to South and Central America, and extending onward to the Caribbean and the US; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2019)note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services. PURPLE-CHESTED HUMMINGBIRD MALE Amazilia rosenbergi Hovering in the Ro Silanche Bird Sanctuary in Northwestern ECUADOR. Throughout Ecuador variation in rainfall primarily determines seasons. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 88 (2020 est. In general, rainfall amounts are highest on exposed locations at lower altitudes. In the Costa region, the Costa Externa has mostly intermittent rivers that are fed by constant rains from December through May and become empty riverbeds during the dry season. Locally, the fruit is known as tamarindo. )permanent crops: 5.6% (2018 est. Biggest Cities In Ecuador 1. It is also a major commercial hub and a port city, where most of the economic trade is conducted through the Gulf of Guayaquil. Rivers may slow and widen as they cross the hoyas yet become rapid again as they flow from the heights of the Andes to the lower elevations of the other regions. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 4.24% (2021 est. ecuador cities by elevation June 29, 2022. The government controls most of the 44 public media, this includes national media and multiple local radio stations. The elevation of the city's central square is 2,800 m (about 9,186 ft), making Quito the second-highest administrative capital city in the . martha washington inn restaurant; bc lions coaching staff 2020; bullhead city river run 2022. Administrative city: Tena )other alcohols: 0.03 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. My wife and I are thinking of retiring to Ecuador. It is home to Ecuadors second-largest port, after Guayaquil. The northern Ecuadorian Andes are divided into three parallel cordilleras which run in what is similar to an S-shape from north to south: the western, central (Cordillerra Real) and eastern (Cordillera Occidental) cordilleras. ), number of registered air carriers: 7 (2020)inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 35annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 5,365,261 (2018)annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 64.2 million (2018) mt-km, total: 104over 3,047 m: 42,438 to 3,047 m: 51,524 to 2,437 m: 18914 to 1,523 m: 26under 914 m: 51 (2021), total: 328914 to 1,523 m: 37under 914 m: 291 (2021), 485 km extra heavy crude, 123 km gas, 2,131 km oil, 1,526 km refined products (2017), total: 965 km (2022)narrow gauge: 965 km (2022) 1.067-m gaugenote: passenger service limited to certain sections of track, mostly for tourist trains, total: 43,950 km (2022)paved: 8,895 km (2022)unpaved: 35,055 km (2022), total: 145by type: container ship 1, general cargo 7, oil tanker 27, other 110 (2021), major seaport(s): Esmeraldas, Manta, Puerto Bolivarcontainer port(s) (TEUs): Guayaquil (2,163,151) (2021)river port(s): Guayaquil (Guayas), Ecuadorian Armed Forces: the Ecuadorian Army (Ejrcito Ecuatoriano), Ecuadorian Navy (Armada del Ecuador, Fuerza Naval del Ecuador, FNE; includes naval infantry, naval aviation, coast guard), Ecuadorian Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Ecuatoriana, FAE) (2022)note: the National Police of Ecuador (Polica Nacional del Ecuador) is under the Ministry of Government, 2% of GDP (2021 est. Guayaquil was founded in 1538 as a native village before falling under Spanish rule on gaining her independence in 1820. Latitude is measured in degrees (), 180. )hydroelectricity: 77.2% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Temperature is determined by altitude. Located in the north-central part of the country in the Andean highlands is, Quito - the national capital and the second most populous city of Ecuador. Mornings typically are bright and sunny, whereas afternoons often are cloudy and rainy. They are noted for their association with Charles Darwin, whose observation of animals here during the voyage of the Beagle led to his formation of the theory of natural selection as a means of evolution. )spirits: 0.61 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. It was originally known as Jocay (meaning Golden Doors) and was a Manta Indian capital in 1200 CE. Instead, climate on the islands follows a pattern more like that of the Sierra than the Costa. Are there any cities larger than 50,000 population at altitudes from 2000 to 4000 feet? The Esmeraldas River is 320 kilometers long and has a 20,000-square-kilometer drainage basin. NEW! Name: Ecuador topographic map, elevation, terrain. 2002 Photo by Peter Wendelken. The jungle-covered plains of the Eastern lowlands register high levels of rainfall and temperatures surpassing 28C (82.4F). The Napo rises near Mount Cotopaxi and is the major river used for transport in the Eastern lowlands. It's located at an elevation of 2,580 meters above sea level, making it number two of the highest capital cities in the world. Copyright & License: Spanish (Castilian) 93% (official), Quechua 4.1%, other indigenous 0.7%, foreign 2.2%; note - (Quechua and Shuar are official languages of intercultural relations; other indigenous languages are in official use by indigenous peoples in the areas they inhabit) (2010 est. )government consumption: 14.4% (2017 est. Santo Domingo de los Colorados is the biggest city in Ecuador by square footage (422 sq mi / 1,093 km2). The city of Cuenca is Ecuador's third-largest city and is situated in the highlands at an elevation of 2,560 meters above sea level. The central belt of Ecuador that includes the Andes Mountains, inland from the coast; with volcanoes and mountain peaks that sport year-round snow on the equator; many areas long since deforested by agriculture; a number of cut-flower growing operations; at a certain altitude, cloud forests may be found. NEW!Interactive Color Elevation Map, Note:Please note that Ecuador Elevation Map is in alpha. By the beginning of the 21st century, more than three-fifths of the Ecuadoran population had become urban dwellers, with most living in the two major cities, Guayaquil and Quito.Guayaquil is the largest city, the major port and commercial centre, and also the cultural centre of the Costa. agriculture: 6.7% (2017 est. The Pastaza is formed by the confluence of the Chambo and the Patate rivers, both of which rise in the Sierra. 16m Rio de Janeiro , Brazil. Running north-south, small coastal mountain rangesthe Colonche, Chindul, and Mache mountainsrise to 2,600 feet (800 metres). Ecuador; Including the Galpagos Islands: Areas at altitudes <1,500 m (4,921 ft) in the provinces of Carchi, Cotopaxi, Esmeraldas, Morona Santiago, Orellana, Pastaza, and Sucumbios. ), 59 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est. )methane emissions: 23.51 megatons (2020 est. The first large-scale emigration of Ecuadorians occurred between 1980 and 2000, when an economic crisis drove Ecuadorians from southern provinces to New York City, where they had trade contacts. Ecuador: Quito: 2,850 9,350 Quitos latitude, elevation, and coordinates, 17 Best Galapagos Beaches (8 Islands) Photos, Snorkeling, Wildlife, Baltra Island Visitor Guide (Galapagos Gateway) 7 Things to Know, 12 Ugly Insects to Avoid (Creepy Facts, Photos) Parasites, Bugs, 9 Safest Countries in Europe: Ranked by Data (Travelers Guide), Camels Have 3 Eyelids: Heres Why (Facts and Functions), Jaguar vs Cheetah: 8 Key Differences Compared (Markings, Habitat, etc), 9 Ugly African Animals to See on Safari: Weird Birds, Mammals, 10 Facts About Darwins Cotton in the Galapagos (Gossypium darwinii), 10 Plantain Recipes: How to Cook Plantains (Videos, Photos, Recipes), 10 Tips for Shopping at an Open Market in Ecuador (11 Spanish Phrases), 11 Facts about Ecuadors Pink Silk Tree (Albizia julibrissin), 11 Facts About Ecuadorian Chicha (Saliva-Fermented Yuca Drink), 13 Tasty Facts About Golden Berries: Andean Uvilla Fruit, 13 Tips for Using City Buses in Cuenca, Ecuador, La Paz, Bolivia: 11,942 feet (3,640 meters), Quito, Ecuador: 9,350 feet (2,850 meters), Sucre, Bolivia: 9,022 feet (2,750 meters). Guayaquil is located on the Guayas River, which flows into the Pacific Ocean. The Costa is composed of lowlands that extend eastward from the Pacific Ocean to the western edge of the Andes and rise from sea level to an elevation of 1,650 feet (500 metres). ), 16.19 births/1,000 population (2023 est. These cities are spread across the country, in many of Ecuadors 24 provinces. SCARLET-BELLIED MOUNTAIN TANAGER Anisognathus igniventris on a Stalk of Gunnera Fruit at Yanacocha in Northwestern Ecuador. Ecuador: 2,239,191: 2010 2,840 m (9,318 ft) Debre Berhan These cantons are further subdivided into parishes (parroquias). note: data are in current year dollars, United States 22%, China 18%, Colombia 9%, Panama 5% (2019), refined petroleum, coal tar oil, cars, packaged medicines, soybean products (2019), $7.912 billion (31 December 2021 est. The few exceptions are the longer, perennial rivers that flow throughout the Costa Externa from the Costa Internal and the Sierra on their way to the Pacific Ocean. ), total subscriptions: 2,063,044 (2020)subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 12 (2020 est. CRIMSON-MANTLED WOODPECKER Male Colaptes rivolii at the Nest in the Tandayapa Valley of northwestern Ecuador. )permanent pasture: 19.4% (2018 est. They often joke that New York is Ecuadors third largest city, because so many Ecuadorians live there. The highest point in Ecuador is Mount Chimborazo, at 20,560ft (6,268m); while the lowest point is at the Pacific Ocean. The second-highest capital in the world is Quito which is situated at 2,850 meters / 9,350 ft above sea level. ), 36.051 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. Quito is the highest constitutional capital in the world. We also share travel tips, packing lists, and gear reviews. But are not sure about the altitude. It was named after Cuenca, Spain. Quito Ecuador latitude is: DMS: 0 12 33.12 S. Decimal : -0.2092. Natural hazards in Ecuador include frequent earthquakes, landslides, volcanic activity; periodic droughts and floods. The forest fragments that still survive are primarily found along the coastal mountain ranges of Mache-Chindul, Jama-Coaque, and Chongon-Colonche, and include tropical dry forest, tropical wet forest, tropical moist evergreen forest, premontane cloud forest, and mangrove forest. Most world cities fall into this "nothing special" (elevation-wise) category. )refined petroleum consumption: 259,000 bbl/day (2019 est. deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; water pollution; pollution from oil production wastes in ecologically sensitive areas of the Amazon Basin and Galpagos Islands. BLUE-NECKED TANAGER Tangara cyanicollis Perched in the Sun along the Ro Nambillo near Mindo ECUADOR. mark goodman tudor scotty dog spine fracture. Ecuador has a small but growing immigrant population and is Latin America's top recipient of refugees; 98% are neighboring Colombians fleeing violence in their country. Total number of cities: 31. )forest: 38.9% (2018 est. Many taxi drivers in Ecuador lived in the States for many years. )imports of goods and services: -21.3% (2017 est. The oil fields are located in the Amazon basin, headquartered at Lago Agrio; some of the rainforest has been seriously damaged in this region and environmental degradation is severe, with catastrophic oil pollution in some areas. Here, average temperatures are 3 to 9C (37.4 to 48.2F), and the precipitation often appears in the form of rain, hail, and thick fog. Villa de San Francisco de Quito, or Quito, is Ecuador's capital and second-largest city. With each ascent of 200 meters (656ft) in altitude, temperature drops 1C (1.8F). ), 47.3 (2020 est. )agricultural: 8.076 billion cubic meters (2017 est. ), total: 11.3% (2020 est. Check out our 12-video city tour. The city is a popular tourist attraction, but several tourists traveling from low altitude areas experience altitude sickness upon landing. Precipitation frequently is in the form of snow, fog, and rain. )the US dollar became Ecuador's currency in 2001, electrification - total population: 97% (2019)electrification - urban areas: 100% (2019)electrification - rural areas: 93% (2019), installed generating capacity: 9.354 million kW (2020 est. )consumption: 10,000 metric tons (2020 est. )note: excludes oil refining, agriculture: 26.1%industry: 18.4%services: 55.5% (2017 est. To help you get a clear picture of the major cities and areas, we put together this guide. You have to give credit by linking to this Ecuador Elevation Map page. the kiss it must be love, ecuador [_MG_1719]. )crude oil and lease condensate exports: 349,400 bbl/day (2018 est. The provinces are subdivided into a total of 221 cantons. Ecuador is comparatively high at an average elevation of 1117 meters above sea level. Quito is also the capital city closest to the equator. The pleasant, spring-like temperatures throughout the year are the greatest benefit of Quito's high elevation. The city has a population of approximately 1.4 million and, although it serves as an important political, economic and cultural center, it is not the most populous city in Ecuador. List [ edit] Alphabetical [ edit] Ambato Arajuno Archidona Atacames Azogues Babahoyo Baeza Baha de Carquez Balao Balsas Balzar Baos de Agua Santa Bucay Calceta Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola Catarama Chone Coca Colimes Coronel Marcelino Mariduea Cuenca Daule Durn El Chaco El Empalme El Guabo El Triunfo Altitude of city(ies of travel) Altitude information external icon for Ethiopia: 1. Quito, Quito Canton, Pichincha, 170130, Ecuador, Ecuador> Galpagos> Cantn San Cristbal, Isla Floreana, Cantn San Cristbal, Galpagos, Ecuador, Isla Pinta, Parroquia Santa Rosa, Cantn Santa Cruz, Galpagos, Ecuador, Barrio La Victoria, El Sagrario, Ibarra, Imbabura, 100105, Ecuador, Ecuador> Santa Elena Province> Elena Canton, Junta del Pacifico, Parroquia Simn Bolvar, Elena Canton, Santa Elena Province, Ecuador, Peaje, Durn, Duran, Durn, Guayas, Ecuador. The five largest cities in the country are Quito (2.78 million inhabitants), Guayaquil (2.72 million inhabitants), Cuenca (636,996 inhabitants), Santo Domingo (458,580 inhabitants), and Ambato (387,309 inhabitants). Mountain-Tanager Photo by Peter Wendelken. ), sugar cane, bananas, milk, oil palm fruit, maize, rice, plantains, poultry, cocoa, potatoes, petroleum, food processing, textiles, wood products, chemicals, 0.49% (2021 est. )$197.549 billion (2019 est. )exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est. There is constant fog and drizzle in the summer and rain in the winter. Guayaquil Photo by YoTuT Guayaquil is the biggest city in Ecuador and it's the country's main port. It is visited by many international tourists if even for a short time as they pass through its international airport. The cold level above 450 meters (1,476ft) has temperatures below 14C (57.2F). Ecuador is thus one of the largest countries in the Americas and the 78th biggest in the world. ), degree of risk: high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria, total: 3.05 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. ), total subscriptions: 15,485,366 (2020 est. 16m Phnom Penh , Cambodia. Driving Distance Calculator. FLAMING RED: PALE-MANDIBLED ARAARI Pteroglossus erythropygius in Pico Pico Tree in Mindo, Ecuador. The eight summer months experience no precipitation, whereas the winter months of January through April have some fog and drizzle. note: data are in current year dollars$19.877 billion (2020 est.) 3,230 m. according to Google Maps. This isnt unheard of, other countries also have multiple capitals (The Netherlands, Chile, Honduras all have two capitals. In alphabetical order, these provinces are: Azuay, Bolivar, Canar, Carchi, Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, El Oro, Esmeraldas, Galapagos, Guayas, Imbabura, Loja, Los Rios, Manabi, Morona-Santiago, Napo, Orellana, Pastaza, Pichincha, Santa Elena, Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas, Sucumbios, Tungurahua and Zamora-Chinchipe. ghuddles1 Login to Contact Ecuador Bordering Countries: ), 3.142 million Guayaquil, 1.957 million QUITO (capital) (2023), at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/femaletotal population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2023 est. Cuenca has 36 parroquias (parishes). Tanager Photo by Peter Wendelken. Internal flight services from Ecuador to Galpagos are also available for tourists making it more convenient for guests from outside. On the north coast of Ecuador the port of Balao in Esmeraldas is used for oil export and the port of Manta was formerly used by the United States Air Force as a control point for narcotics traffic control until 2009. Learn how and when to remove this template message, List of highest large cities in the world, World's largest municipalities by population, List of towns and cities with 100,000 or more inhabitants, https://web.archive.org/web/20131031113048/http://centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/equipamiento/BD_Municipios-Entidades.zip, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_cities_by_elevation&oldid=1125001627, This page was last edited on 1 December 2022, at 17:55. )exports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. For other settlements, . It has 2237 km of land boundaries, with Colombia in the north (708 km border) and Peru in the east and south (1,529 km border). The first country on the main list, Bolivia, is a country with multiple capitals; La Paz is the seat of the government while Sucre is the constitutional capital. Los Andes Ecuatorianos / Ecuadorian Andes. The legal structure of the city/canton is a little confusing. The city of Cuenca is Ecuador's third-largest city and is situated in the highlands at an elevation of 2,560 meters above sea level. )industry: 32.9% (2017 est. Ecuador encompasses a wide range of natural formations and climates, from the desert-like southern coast to the snowcapped peaks of the Andes mountain range to the plains of the Amazon Basin. )1 (2018 est. 1,000 ft). Quito is located at 9,350 feet (2,850 meters) above sea level. )industrial: 549 million cubic meters (2017 est. )beer: 2.32 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. [3] Guayaquil, located on the southern part of the coast is the biggest city in the country. The tropical level400 to 1,800 meters (1,312 to 5,906ft)has temperatures ranging from 20 to 25C (68.0 to 77.0F) and heavy precipitation. )investment in fixed capital: 24.3% (2017 est. By this standard, Quito is the highest (constitutional) capital in the world. )other: 31.4% (2018 est. )-7.79% (2020 est. The Costa Internal, by contrast, is crossed by perennial rivers that may flood during the rainy season, sometimes forming swamps. There are 80 cities in Ecuador, with a population of 10,000 or more. ), municipal solid waste generated annually: 5,297,211 tons (2015 est. )biomass and waste: 1.5% of total installed capacity (2020 est. In addition, the country, continental region, latitude and longitude are shown for all cities listed. )$2.69 billion (2020 est. devil's letters to his nephew fear.