larry eyler john dobrovolskis larry eyler john dobrovolskis

On December 19, a 23-year-old named Steven Agan was abducted in Terre Haute. Fourteen wounds likely inflicted with an ice pick or an awl were also evident upon and around Bridges' sternum; these wounds had also been inflicted prior to death. On this date, Judge Urso formally sentenced Eyler to death by lethal injection. [145], The following month, Kathleen Zellner offered a deal on behalf of her client whereby Eyler would confess to his culpability in twenty further homicides committed across ten counties in Illinois and Indiana if the state of Illinois would commute his death sentence to one of life imprisonment without parole. [61], On July 2, the partially-clad body of an unidentified Hispanic man was discovered in a field two miles from the city of Paxton in Ford County, Illinois. Skip past search results. [65] Conversing with Cook County investigators, Kolarik discovered that a further two young male murder victims who had lived in or disappeared from Uptown in 1982 had also been discovered with multiple stab wounds to their bodies and their trousers and underwear pulled down to their ankles in Kankakee County, Illinois, and Lowell, Indiana. When questioned as to why he had paid the bill on this date despite the fact this tax bill was not due until October, Little claimed he had opted to do so as he had the sufficient finances and had simply "decided to pay off some bills". [124], Little later confirmed sections of Dobrovolskis's testimony, although he insisted he had left Eyler's apartment approximately fifteen minutes before Bridges is known to have last been seen alive. This victim had been dead since June 27 or 28, and had been repeatedly stabbed in the abdomen. [22], Eyler and Little regularly socialized within Indianapolis's gay community, although Littlea socially awkward, taciturn and unattractive individualtypically struggled to form friendships or obtain sexual partners during these excursions, resulting in Eyler frequently bringing young men to Little's home to engage in sex with the two. Upon cross-examination, Caporusso conceded some bloodstains found upon fingernails retrieved from an ashtray in Eyler's apartment did not belong to either Eyler or the decedent, and that no other individual known to have been present in Eyler's apartment between August 19 and 21 had had samples of his blood taken for comparison with these bloodstains. [120], In his opening statement to the jury on this date, Rakoczy outlined the physical and circumstantial evidence to be presented against the defendant, stating how close Eyler had been to eluding justice in this murder; had janitor Balla not suspected Eyler of simply illegally dumping trash, Bridges' body "would be buried in some landfill". Eyler moves in with his secret lover John Dobrovolskis along with Dobrovolskis wife and kids. This key was later determined to fit the door of an office where Eyler had worked in 1982. You are an evil person. Rehearing denied January 29, 1990. . [82] These revelations led a member of the Indiana task force named Cathy Berner to remark to her colleagues that if Eyler were not the murderer they were seeking, he was following the actual killer on a daily basis. Eyler then dismembered Bridges' body in his bathroom. Like John Wayne Gacy, and a host of others, Larry Eyler would learn to take his sex where he could find it, forcefully, and then eliminate the evidence. acro and tumbling requirements; cambridge associates us venture capital index 2020; mervyn's department store; onesignal web push notification example [88], Ditkowsky's civil suit was heard at the Dirksen Federal Building on October 29, with Ditkowsky requesting permission to access the affidavit investigators had used to request a search warrant for Eyler's vehicle. Eyler was found guilty of the aggravated kidnapping, unlawful restraint and murder of Daniel Bridges, in addition to the concealment of the teenager's body. A suspect in at least 20 . His body hasn't been recovered but his existence was revealed in a posthumous confession released by Eyler's defense attorney with her late client's consent. The plaintiff in this case is Larry Eyler, a thirty year old Chicago housepainter who is a suspect in a series of possibly related murders. Larry Eyler was convicted of murder and aggravated kidnapping, and on October 3, 1986, Judge Joseph Urso pronounced sentence. This marriage lasted one year before the couple divorced. As with other victims, McNeive's body bore no signs of his being subjected to a sexual assault. He learned to kill them. As Eyler walked from this hearing, two Lake County investigators presented Ditkowsky with warrants authorizing their retrieval of Eyler's blood and hair samples. Here is when Bartlett disappeared, and here is a gas receipt from practically where Bartlett was found don't you see the pattern? His father was an alcoholic who is known to have physically and emotionally abused his wife and . His body was not discovered until April 15, discarded atop the body of a dog which had also been stabbed to death. February 1, 1984[101], Following four days of testimony, Judge Block adjourned the hearing until January 27 to consider his ruling, informing the Assistant State's Attorney and David Schippers that sufficient precedents existed for both admitting and suppressing the evidence. Schippers asserted that two other men had alternately been within Eyler's apartment between August 19 and 21, one of whom had spent a great deal of time there. Henderson added that Eyler worked in a liquor store in Greencastle on Saturdays and lived in Terre Haute with an older male at weekends. Gustavo Herrera, and Ervin Gibson, the 16-year-old John Doe found 11 years earlier in the woods in Lake County, Illinois. [16] Throughout high school, he occasionally dated girls, although none of these relationships became physical. [50] Six days after the discovery of McNeive's body, the Indiana State Police conducted a meeting attended by thirty-five detectives from each of the four jurisdictions where bodies of young males bearing wounds suggesting the same perpetrator had been discovered. He was open about his sexuality only to his family, although he struggled with deep-seated feelings of self-hatred regarding his sexual orientation. He further testified that he could not conclusively pinpoint the actual time of Agan's death, but stated his belief the young man had been killed prior to December 21. ", Lake County investigator Dan Colin, conversing with Eyler's attorney, David Schippers, following Judge Block's ruling to suppress much of the evidence against his client. Judge Urso then informed the jury of the factors to consider in reaching their deliberations, adding they should allow neither prejudice or sympathy to influence their verdicts. [64], In early September, a Chicago-based reporter for WLS-TV named Gera-Lind Kolarik noted similarities between the August 31 murder of Calise and the two earlier deaths of young males within Lake County. [75], On September 30, Eyler was arrested in Lowell, Indiana for a routine traffic violation. [13], The appeal itself maintained that one of Eyler's defense attorneys, David Schippers, had a conflict of interest as he had received a payment of $16,875 from Robert Little to assist in Eyler's defense at his trial for the murder of Daniel Bridges, although Little had appeared as a witness for the prosecution. . [121], The first prosecution witness to testify against Eyler was Robert Little, who testified to having been in Eyler's company between 17 and 19 August, although he claimed to have returned to Terre Haute at approximately 10:15p.m. on the evening of Bridges' murder. A fourth victiman unidentified African-American estimated to be aged between 15 and 18was buried at the other side of the tree. [122], On July 4, a janitor named Al Burdicki testified to having witnessed Eyler make between eight and twelve trips to his communal storage locker on August 20, with Eyler explaining to him he was "getting tools for a job". A corpse found at an abandoned Indiana farm in 1983 has finally been identified as a victim of serial killer Larry Eyler thanks to DNA technology. Testimony spanned four days, with witnesses including seven police officers, John Dobrovolskis, his wife Sally, and Larry Eyler himself. On this date, Eyler's lawyers offered Long a check from Little for $2,500 in return for his agreeing not to press charges. Sort By. He was tried in Vermillion County before Judge Don Darnell,[147] and entered a formal plea of not guilty on this date. His body was thrown from a bridge into a creek, and remained undiscovered until December 5. He denied the tire tracks and boot impressions recovered at the Calise murder scene belonged to him, adding that he had never met the victim. Shortly after Eyler confessed his guilt in twenty-one homicides to her in 1990, Zellner resolved she would never again knowingly defend another guilty individual.[208]. [73][n 3], Two months later, on December 7, a hunter discovered the partially-buried skeleton of a further victim in Hendricks County, close to U.S. Route 40. His mother married for a third time in 1960, although the couple divorced four years later. Mark Greenwell described the murder as being "a performance" orchestrated at Little's instruction, adding that the murder had been committed to satisfy the defendant's lust for sadomasochistic bondage. Larry Eyler: The Highway Killer Larry Eyler is known to most as the "Highway Killer" from Indiana. Schippers had informed Judge Urso he was offering his legal services free of charge; adding he would inform the court if these circumstances changed. [7] One week later, on October 30, a 26-year-old named Edgar Underkofler disappeared from Rantoul, Illinois. You are here: Home 1 / avia_transparency_logo 2 / News 3 / larry eyler john dobrovolskis larry eyler john dobrovolskistexas lake lots for sale by owner June 7, 2022 / lawyers against mcfd / in charlie schlatter leukemia / by / lawyers against mcfd / in charlie schlatter leukemia / by [85], Shortly after his release from custody on October 4, Eyler requested legal representation from a Chicago lawyer named Kenneth Ditkowsky. Nonetheless, Eyler constantly sought assurance he was the only man in his lover's life, and the two are known to have frequently argued over Eyler's accusations of his lover's infidelity. [35] Both victims were linked to the manhunt for the same perpetrator, whom this task force termed the Highway Murderer. [172], Zellner stated Eyler had begun compiling a list of his victims shortly after she had been appointed as his legal representative in November 1990 in an effort to obtain a plea bargain whereby his sentence would be commuted to one of life imprisonment. [10], Eyler was known as the Interstate Killer and the Highway Killer due to the fact many of his confirmed and alleged victims were discovered across several midwestern states in locations close to or accessible via the Interstate Highway System. An examination of the outbuilding of an abandoned farm close to the crime scene revealed several traces of human flesh upon the walls in areas where plaster had been damaged, leading investigators to speculate Agan had been suspended against the walls of this property as his murderer had inflicted the injuries to his body. Larry Eyler (December 21, 1952 - March 6, 1994) was an American serial killer convicted and sentenced to death in Illinois for the 1984 murder and dismemberment of 15-year-old Daniel Bridges.Active in the Midwest, before his death he confessed to 21 further homicides of young men and boys he had committed between 1982 and 1984 in five separate states. He remained at this residence for six months before he returned to the care of his mother. The outcome of this meeting convinced officers from the two jurisdictions that sufficient evidence existed to charge Eyler with the murder of Ralph Calise. The vehicle was impounded at the Lake County sheriff's headquarters on the evening of October 2,[n 7] and Eyler accompanied investigators to Waukegan to submit to further questioning by an investigator named Dan Colin. Pless testified that many of the beating, stabbing, and slashing injuries had been inflicted after Agan was already deceased, although numerous deep wounds to the neck and groin had been inflicted while the young man was still alive. "[25] In response, Eyler stabbed the youth once in the chest, penetrating his lung. Larry's first murder was reported in Chicago on August 3rd, 1975. Larry Eyler was shrewd. [95] Schippers opted to reverse the defense strategy adopted by his predecessor, also forbidding his client to grant any further interviews to the media. [27], The forensic examination of the bags used to conceal Bridges' remains revealed several fingerprints determined to belong to Eyler. These arguments would occasionally lead to Dobrovolskis striking Eyler, who never retaliated in these physical altercations. "like pieces of chicken fat," as a lover of Eyler's, John Dobrovolskis, later testified - and other evidence turned up in the apartment, even . [130], On September 30, both prosecution and defense attorneys outlined their arguments in relation to the sentence to be imposed upon Eyler before Judge Urso; these arguments concluded the following day. Moreover, blood was discovered beneath the handle of the knife found inside his vehicle, and he was known to have regularly commuted between three districts in Indiana and Illinois where several victims' bodies had been discovered: Greencastle, Terre Haute, and Chicago. On May 9, the body of 21-year-old Daniel Scott McNeive was discovered in a field close to Indiana State Road 39 in Hendricks County. Their relationship was obsessive, but did it impact Eyler's murder spree? [27], Inside Eyler's closet, investigators discovered the decedent's jeans, saturated with rivulets of bloodstains. [40] The following day, investigators obtained a warrant permitting their retrieval of Eyler's hair and blood samples for further comparison with evidence earlier retrieved from Eyler's vehicle, to be served the following daythe date of the hearing of Ditkowsky's civil suit. The conclusion of this meeting was that the same individual had murdered in each jurisdiction, and that all involved in the investigation should form a unified task force dedicated to the apprehension of the suspect. This appeal was pending in the Illinois Supreme Court, and Zellner remained confident Eyler's conviction would have been overturned. 10/19/1983 31 He later stumbled to a nearby house, where the occupants summoned paramedics. [205], Eyler's lover, John Dobrovolskis, relocated to California shortly after his arrest. [15] Several acquaintances within this community described him as a good-looking, "laid-back guy" and avid bodybuilder who was close to his mother and sister, although others who had engaged in sexual activity with him described him as an individual with a sadistic streak and violent temper which would only surface within their sexual encounters,[20] often involving Eyler extensively bludgeoning, then inflicting light knife wounds upon unwilling partnersparticularly to their torsos. [111] On August 24, investigators conducted a luminol test inside Eyler's now empty apartment. Questioned about the murders of John Roach and Daniel McNeive, Eyler claimed to have read press coverage of both murders in the Indianapolis Star, but he denied ever having committed murder. The jurors then retired to consider their verdict. EN. He struggled with his homosexual tendencies throughout his entire life. As such, he was acquitted on November 13, being fined $43 in court costs. [134], Upon hearing the counsels' closing arguments, Judge Urso announced he would return his decision at 10:00a.m. on October 3. Colin then stated to Eyler: "Larry, we know something about you. One victim recovered from this location remains unidentified. Long je ponaredil svojo smrt in se po pomo priplazil do blinje kmeke hie. [76][n 4], Shortly after 1:30p.m., two investigators from the Central Indiana Multi-Agency Investigation Team conducted a formal interview with Eyler, whom they informed had become a suspect in the series of murders due to an anonymous phone call received from a former acquaintance of his. [8] With her client's consent,[9] Zellner posthumously released Eyler's confession following the formal announcement of his death. [156] When questioned as to whether he had dismembered the body of Daniel Bridges, Eyler admitted that he had committed this act, although he denied responsibility for the teenager's actual murder. Lake County investigators quickly linked this murder to the stabbing deaths of two other young men whose bodies had been discovered close to this decedent earlier in 1983 (Ervin Gibson and Gustavo Herrera). [126], Both prosecution and defense attorneys delivered their closing arguments before the jury on July 9. He was released. V John rt khoan dung vi xu hng tnh dc . [182] Each victim would be plied with alcohol and sedatives and driven to a remote area where Eyler would typically wait for an opportune moment to handcuff his victim. Dobrovolskis died of AIDS in January 1990 at the age of 29. Moreover, five knife wounds to the abdomen were markedly deep and had caused sections of Bridges' intestine to protrude through the wounds. [116] He denied any knowledge of the crime, insisting his fingerprints must have been inadvertently placed upon the bags containing Bridges' body as he had moved them aside as he had placed other garbage bags within the dumpster. [19], By the mid-1970s, Eyler was well-known within the gay community of Indianapolisparticularly among those with a leather fetish. Noting Eyler's pathological sensitivity to feelings of abandonment, experts theorized Eyler had killed in response to real or perceived feelings of rejection from his lover, discharging his rage upon his victims. "[112] Within minutes, Eyler was arrested within his apartment. His body was discovered one month later in Lowell, Indiana. Outlining the similarities in Eyler's restraining or immobilizing these individuals to the restraint and torture Bridges had endured before he was "finally put out of his misery", Stock added: "There is nothing, Your Honor, that can mitigate the tears and the agony that Larry Eyler has caused in his entire life, thirty-three years, and he has caused more tears than anyone [] a sentence other than death will be giving him his freedom. on Oct. 19, 1983. Larry Eyler, July 83', taken in front of Andy's Liquor store where he worked at the time. Over here is a collect call from the gym where Larry and John Bartlett worked out. 65371: Page 268. This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 13:38. [69] The victim was identified as 18-year-old Eric Hansen, who had last been seen alive on September 27 in St. Francis. Relents, Lets 'Deserter' be Buried with Dignity", "List of the 24 Victims in Cases Police Linked to Larry Eyler", "Cold Case on the Murder of Jay Reynolds", "Sheriff Seeks Interview in Stabbing Death Link", "Lake County Police Look for Links in Three Stabbings", "Man Found Dead in 1983 ID'd as Victim of Serial Killer Called Highway Murderer", "Indiana Unsolved: Identities Sought for 2 Victims of 'The Highway Killer' Larry Eyler", "Two Decades After Sentencing, Killer Remembered", "Lawyer Says Suspect Admitted 21 Killings", "Larry Eyler's Family and Friends Say Police have Accused Wrong Man", "Man Linked to Deaths of 19 in Middle West", "David P. Schippers, House Counsel in Clinton Impeachment, Dies", "Convicted Murderer Suspected in Another Slaying", "Authorities Reconstruct the Life of Slain Teenage Prostitute", "Janitor Testifies Dog's Barking Made Him Question Garbage Contents", "A Killer's 21 Confessions Revealed: Experts Debate Whether the Details Can Snag an Alleged Accomplice", "Professor Acquitted of Murder May Return to Teaching", "Professor Accused of Bondage Slaying Found Innocent", "Eyler Admits Stabbing Indiana Man to Death", "Book on Eyler's Guilty Plea Draws Fire from Lawmen", "Professor's Attorney Rests Case in Slaying Trial", "Prof. Won't Testify in His Murder Trial", "New Push To ID Three More Victims of Serial Killer", Sarah Talalay, "Eyler Dies in Prison; had AIDS; Lawyer to Talk on Confessions", "A Chicago Man, John Ingram Brandenburg, was Identified About 40 Years After the Bodies of Four were Found in a Shallow Tomb in Indiana", "Remains Found By Mushroom Hunters In 1983 are Identified as Victim of Serial Killer Larry Eyler", "Sexual Abuse Figure Held in Chicago Slaying", "Before Dying, Killer Confesses To 21 Murders - Victims' Families Find Relief After 10 Years", John O'Brien, "The Eyler Legacy: 21 Deaths. Police raided Eylers apartment at 7:00 A.M. and caught him in bed with John Dobrovolskis. Convicted and sentenced to death by lethal injection for the 1984 kidnapping . Eyler's attorneys instructed their client not to testify on his own behalf. An intense rage filled Larry Eyler as he drove north on Ind. [18], In part due to his lackadaisical attitude towards schooling, Eyler failed to graduate from high school, although he did later obtain a General Educational Development certificate. [15], When he reached puberty, Eyler discovered he was homosexual. [46] Between March and April 1983, Eyler is believed to have killed a minimum of five further victims between the ages of 17 and 29. An examination of phone bills retrieved from the property revealed Eyler had regularly placed collect calls to Little's home at odd hours, shortly after identified victims were believed to have been murdered. Referencing the welt marks upon the decedent's wrists and ankles, Schippers speculated that as Eyler held a penchant for bondage, Bridges may have willingly submitted to this act. From birth, Eyler's life was not easy. Times Archives. Dobrovolskis occasionally consented to bondage with defendant, because that was what defendant wanted. [186] A further victim, discovered in Jasper County, Indiana on October 15, 1983, was identified in December 2021 as William Lewis of Peru, Indiana. Larry Eyler was born in Indiana. $20 million net worth lifestyle appleton post crescent archives larry eyler john dobrovolskis 07 jun 2022. larry eyler john dobrovolskishouse joint resolution 192 of 1933 Posted by . 10/06/1983 31 Police search Eyler's car but find no hard evidence. His body was cut into eight pieces; each of which was completely drained of blood before being placed inside six separate plastic bags. #10 Wayne Williams (killed 24) testimony that he was a pedophile attracted to young . Upon cross-examination, Stein admitted to Tom Allen he had discovered traces of alcohol and cocaine in the victim's blood, suggesting a possibility he had not been kidnapped and had willingly entered Eyler's apartment. Although tall for his age and active in sporting activities, he was regularly targeted by bullies due to his being from a poor family and his parents' divorce, frequently leading to his sister, Theresa, confronting her brother's tormentors. can a game warden enter private property in va > www mugshots com arizona > larry eyler john dobrovolskis. TV-14 . African-American, aged 2539. [32], Between 1982 and 1984, Eyler is known to have committed a minimum of twenty-one murders and one attempted murder. His luck ran out Wednesday when he was convicted of murder by a Criminal Court jury. Extensive bloodstainsdetermined to be type A-positivewere also discovered inside this footwear. jobs in lancaster, ca craigslist And, for a time, he had the law on his side. As many as six of his victims remain unidentified today. "[106], In his posthumous confession, Eyler stated he had typically lured his victimswho had been both heterosexual and homosexualwith promises of drugs, alcohol, money, or transport[10][173] and that, immediately prior to stabbing several of his victims, he had pressed the blade of his knife against their abdomen before informing his victim to "make peace with God". Kolarik was familiar with other murders of young males committed in Indiana, bearing similar signature knife mutilations, and speculated that the perpetrator of these earlier Indiana murders had begun to murder and/or dispose of his victims' bodies in Lake County. John Dobrovolskis, into custody. [55], Conducting a background check on Eyler, investigators discovered he had been arrested in 1978 for attempting to sexually assault a teenage hitchhiker whom he had stabbed and left for dead. [148], Eyler testified against his alleged accomplice at this trial; claiming he and Little had both committed the murder of Agan on December 19, 1982. Several days later, the FBI reported to investigators that the boot impressions were a precise match, including four distinctive areas of wearing and damage to the soles. c. April 1984. Watch Larry Eyler "Played Games" with His Boyfriend | Mark of a Serial Killer Season 3 - Episode 6 Video [163] As such, the appeal contended Schippers had been guilty of attorney misconduct and that Eyler's conviction had therefore been unsafe. Murderer Admitted Grisly Two-state Spree", "Killer Confesses to 21 Slayings Before His Own Death", "Before Dying, Killer Confesses to 21 Murders - Victims' Families Find Relief After 10 Years", "In Death, Eyler May Help Solve Deadly '83 Mystery", "Eyler's Confession Used to Resolve '83 Killing", "Remains Found by Mushroom Hunters In 1983 are Identified as Victim of Serial Killer Larry Eyler", "Indiana Man, 19, Identified as 1982 Victim of Serial Killer", "Jasper County John Doe. Larry William Eyler was an American serial killer who is believed to have murdered a minimum of twenty-one teenage boys and young men in a s. He had suffered eleven knife wounds to his neck, five to his back, and eleven to his abdomen, with one wound causing sections of his small intestine to protrude through his abdomen. A judge set his bond at $10,000, a sum which was raised by friends. "[132], On October 1, David Schippers introduced four character witnesses (Eyler's mother, stepfather, sister, and a Catholic chaplain) to testify to the kindness and decency they had observed in Eyler's character, with Eyler's mother, Shirley DeKoff, referencing her son's emotionally difficult childhood and her frequently marrying and divorcing a succession of abusive husbands as she constantly sought stability for her children. Larry William Eyler (December 21, 1952 March 6, 1994) was an American serial killer who is believed to have murdered a minimum of twenty-one teenage boys and young men in a series of killings committed in the Midwest between 1982 and 1984. Larry William Eyler (December 21, 1952 - March 6, 1994) was an American serial killer who is believed to have murdered a minimum of twenty-one teenage boys and young men in a series of killings committed between 1982 and 1984 in the Midwestern States. Mount Pleasant Cemetery . Immediately after concluding Agan's autopsy, Pless conducted the autopsy upon the body of a 21-year-old named John Roach, whose body had been found close to Interstate 70 in Putnam County that day. [103] Block further ruled the facts detailed in the police affidavit to search Robert Little's home were insufficient to obtain a search warrant. This accusation caused Eyler to visibly wince. A sample of Eyler's blood revealed his blood type to be O-positive. At this stage of the investigation, investigators had two other strong suspects whom they also suspected may be the murderer. Details. He was disinterested in engaging in sex, at which point Dobrovolskis believed Eyler had been with another man. [30] Although neither Eyler nor Dobrovolskis was inclined towards monogamy, the couple considered their relationship a permanent one. [144] Little (aged 53) was arrested on December 18 and formally charged with Agan's first-degree murder, facing a sentence of 60 years' imprisonment if convicted. The four separate murder investigations within Indiana were amalgamated into one, with investigators agreeing that this task force would comprise two detectives from the state police, two from the Indianapolis police, and two from each county involved in the manhunt. Long accepted the offer, and Eyler changed his plea to not guilty. [78], A search of Eyler's vehicle recovered a knife,[79] two sections of nylon rope, handcuffs, a hammer, two baseball bats, a mallet, and surgical tape. Although Eyler did not confess to the murders of Jay Reynolds and Eric Hansen, he is considered a strong suspect in both homicides. [114] Receipts recovered from the property revealed Eyler had recently purchased several hacksaw blades. Although drugged, extensively beaten and later abandoned naked and comatose in a rural field (causing Townsend to also suffer from exposure), the young man survived this assault. [72] All four victims had been stabbed more than two dozen times each, with a blade at least eight inches in length, and the trousers of each victim were discovered around their ankles. Dobrovolskis and Eyler met in 1981 and - despite Dobrovolskis' wife and children - entered into . Larry Eyler "The Highway Killer" Information researched and summarized by Meghan Bahr, Saskia Snuffer, Ashley Wrights Department of Psychology .