I still don't see any "descriptivist argument", much less a strong one. For example, we capitalize north, south, east, and west when the terms refer to regions or cultures: Customs in the East differ from those in the West. When proofreading or editing documents, we often find that writers are confused about when to capitalize these terms. He's one part content manager, one part writing ninja organizer, and two parts leader of top content creators. southern Atlanta; But capitalize compass points when part of a proper name. This format is the official USPS postal abbreviation. For example, "western Massachusetts", "northern New Jersey". States should also be abbreviated when used as part of a short-form political affiliation. For example, Southern France is capitalized because it is a proper noun and . @Devil07, the geographical adjective "southern" is not usurped -- it just means something different. North, South, East and West as Proper Nouns You should capitalize North, South, East, and West when theyre part of a proper noun (i.e., the name of a unique thing). Capitalize the pronoun. When did states go to 2 letter abbreviations? The FHA insures mortgages for buyers with low credit scores and down payments as low as 3.5%. Is state capitalized when referring to a specific state? If a is used, go with prime minister.). However, if you are referring to a general region, such as the east coast of the United States then you should keep the words lowercase. AP style is primarily for journalists and writers who want to conform to traditional journalism styles. Colorado is part of the Southwest. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Other assets have a wide range of liquidity. The word "southern" is not part of the official name of California or any city or county, so I never capitalize it. Yes, Southern is capitalized because it refers to the South (= the southern US). Questions that can be answered using commonly-available references are off-topic, as are those lacking any signs of reasonable research. Do not capitalize these words when they merely indicate general location or refer to the geography or climate of the region. Lowercase articles (a, an, the), coordinating conjunctions, and prepositions (regardless of length). However, to, not a dash, should be used when from introduces a range of dates (from 2012 to 2013, not from 2012-13). The street is named Bolton Avenue. I have published a variety of other capitalization posts related to time periods, geographic features, people, and product names. Broadly speaking, a region is an area that's divided by: Geographic regions are usually depicted by their not-so-clearly defined, and at times transitory boundaries. 'CMOS recognizes that common usage and context determine conventional approaches to capitalization in connection with the treatment of certain terms related to regions.' Not capitalizing when referring to a general direction. So: North Carolina is north of South Carolina and east of West Virginia. The question as to whether something should be considered a name or not is one of style, and as such you should adhere to the discipline of your editor, publication, or organization, or in the absence of a house style, you should adopt a suitable. When words like northern, southern, eastern, or western precede a place name, they aren't usually capitalized because they only indicate a general location within a region. But southerner and northerner are capitalized when they refer to people on either side of the civil war in the United States: We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Using Kolmogorov complexity to measure difficulty of problems? On a cloudless night, I studied Pisces, a constellation in the North sky. This is known as 'title case'. Wotan is one of the gods in Wagner's Ring Cycle. U.S. Is this correct. Lowercase north, south, northeast, etc. With states, lowercase in most uses: northern New York. The Starved Rock Lodge offers world-famous midwestern hospitality in a scenic environment. Note that it doesn't seem to be treated as a compound proper noun (e.g., searching for "Southeastern Albania" produces an error since Ngrams is case sensitive and there don't seem to be any instances of that capitalization in the Google Books database). You should only capitalize directions, such as south, when you are referring to it as the proper noun, such as in the South. If you are merely referring to a direction, such as go south on I-90, then you should keep south lowercase. Do not capitalize these words when they merely indicate general location or refer to the geography or climate of the region. Usage guide. For example, capitalizing "Southerner" in the sentence "As a Southerner, she had a distinct drawl" can be up for debate. What about capitalizing a Southerner or a Southerner? If a law is new but its interpretation is vague, can the courts directly ask the drafters the intent and official interpretation of their law? West is directly opposite east. down South. On a cloudless night, I studied Pisces, a constellation in the North sky. @SvenYargs This is a very useful answer; I'm processing it. When to capitalize North East south west? These should not be capitalized unless they are the first or last word of the title. Should compass directions (i.e., north, south, east, and west) ever be capitalized? In terms of "human geography", the regions and their subregions are elucidated by the ethnography discipline. Examples: southern France, northern Canada. The mines are located in the western part of the plateau. Prepositions, such as at, around, by, after, along, for, from, of, on, to, with & without. seems less related to the usual descriptivist process, more opinion-based. When they indicate compass direction, lowercase north, south, northeast, and so on, but capitalize when it indicates a region: the West Coast. However, widely known designations are capitalized: the Upper East Side, Southern California. North, east, south, and west are the four cardinal directions, often marked by the initials N, E, S, and W. East and west are at right angles to north and south. This is the sentence that is capitalized correctly. Opportunities exist on the east and west sides of the city. English Proofreading and Copyediting Prices, Spanish Proofreading and Copyediting Prices, northern New Jersey, western Massachusetts. Explanation: Because, Pisces is a noun. However, when these words are actually part of the place name, they must be capitalized. editing, Should "west coast" be capitalized if it is referring to the western region of the U.S.? This suffix makes the direction an adjective, and when it describes a specific region, it should be capitalized. The correct sentence is Carlotta and I love Halloween. Do you like West Asia? Whichever version you use, then, we'd suggest not capitalizing the direction, just the country name. When words like northern, southern, eastern, and western precede a place name, they are not ordinarily capitalized, because they merely indicate general location within a region. The administration's solution: Ease credit for riskier borrowers. Filed Under: Capitalize these words when they designate regions. Capitalize the Southern California region? The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? The word "southern" is not part of the official name of California or any city or county, so I never capitalize it. Southern belle (from French belle 'beautiful') is a colloquialism for a debutante in the planter class of the Antebellum South. Capitalize a persons title when it precedes the name. The Chicago Manual of Style, sixteenth edition (2010) has a useful and detailed discussion of this issue. (Cap or no cap on east and west). Shawn Manaher is the founder and CEO of The Content Authority. They live in the western part of the country. Here is part of that discussion: 8.46 Regions of the world and national regions. are not capitalized when they merely denote compass direction. Likewise, the rules for sentences apply: capitalize the common name at the . Check your style guide (if applicable) for advice on specific terms. Only a few signs of the zodiac are automatically capitalized (Capricorn, Gemini, Sagittarius, Taurus). The storm is heading east. Which Teeth Are Normally Considered Anodontia? And if so, when? For places names and proper names, the word "Southern" should be capitalized, but in other contexts, it is not. What is the purpose of this D-shaped ring at the base of the tongue on my hiking boots? With names of states The same rule applies as with names of nations. Capitalizing southern and capitalizing south have the same rules. When people form a group and give it a name, it should be capitalized. Therefore, use "Black" and "White" instead of "black" and "white" (do not use colors to refer to other human groups; doing so is considered pejorative). The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Is Colorado in the west or the West? Despite that, knowing how to capitalize names of places, regions, geographical features, directions, etc. If youre referring to a collection of proper nouns, such as the Southern States, this is the case. However, a co-author argues that southern should not be capitalized, because it is an adjective, not a noun. In other words, directions can be tricky! The concept of a "region" is significant and used widely among the several geography branches, each of which could describe the areas or zones in region-based terms. when they indicate compass direction, but capitalize when they indicate a region: the West Coast. Words such as one, it, its, its, him, and own should all be capitalized no matter where they appear in a title. The capitalization of as depends upon its function. In your first paragraph after the caption you make a good comparison between Wild West and Southern California, but I'm still troubled by a couple of issues. How do I connect these two faces together? Do you capitalize Southern in southern United States? The problem is, there doesn't appear to be a consensus. Have you ever visited the Western United States? Chicago style is best for writers who want to adhere to traditional publishing standards and academic writers in non-scientific fields. Copyright 2022 - TheContentAuthority.com, Reindeer Vs. Moose: Main Differences, How To Tell Them Apart. The plant common name has to conform to the rules of English, however, so if there's a proper noun in the common name, it must be capitalized. when they indicate compass direction, but capitalize when they indicate a region: the West Coast. Lowercase north, south, northeast, etc. When did they standardize state abbreviations? Capitalize such words as Northerner, Southerner, and Midwesterner. For example, most people would capitalize South London because South London is a well-known part of a famous city. 1 The Midwest is the breadbasket of the United States. Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. doesn't shout the need for "capitalization", it's safe to write it in lowercase. I guess you're saying that it's always okay to break any principle if you really want to, because CMOS says so. She moved from the East Coast to the West Coast. Capitalize these words when they designate regions. Consistency is the most important thing, though, so you should be fine as long as the form chosen is clear and you use it each time. Should Southern colonies be capitalized? Is it Southern or Southern? However, it is accepted that these are capitalized when discussing the American Civil War, for example, and, as mentioned in this article in the final Summary section, some style guides prefer north and south to always be capitalized when referring generally to these areas of the United States. When youre talking about Americas West Coast or the Middle East, the directional word is also part of a proper name, and it gets a capital letter. Be consistent (e.g., dont use south England in one part of a document and South England in another if youre referring to the same place). When these words are included in the place name, however, they must be capitalized. Proper nouns should always be capitalized. If as is used as a preposition, it is lowercase; if as is used as an adverb, conjunction or pronoun, it is uppercase. The United Kingdom, for instance, is a region that comprises four countries: Scotland, England, Northern Ireland, and Wales. The name of a theatrical play, but this is also a conventional geographical region that would be capitalized anyway. Except for England, the other three countries have their own parliaments. MLA style followsThe Chicago Manual of Style (8.47) for geographic terms. If you are referring to a group of proper nouns such as the Southern States. However, if instead you reference a general location, such as the southern winds, then the word southern should be lowercase. Though a direction is a general noun, it could at times be not that straightforward to ascertain whether it's a common noun or a proper noun. 17th ed., U of Chicago P, 2017,www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/book/ed17/part2/ch08/psec047.html. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. When in doubt, lowercase. In October 1963, the Department settled on the current two-letter abbreviations. Each morning, the sun rises in the east . Here are some rules to follow. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". But things become tricky once we get down to the details. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); You can also upload a document to get an instant quote. [Relevant examples:] the South, southern, a southerner (of a country); the South, Southern, a Southerner (in American Civil War contexts); the Deep South; Southern California; the South of France (region); Southeast Asia; South Africa; South African (referring to the Republic of South Africa); southern Africa (referring to the southern part of the continent); south; southern; southward; to the south (directions). Q. Debating with an editor over capitalization of the word bicentennial. The following formal names of specific degrees should always be capitalized in AP style: As you can see, master's degrees are capitalized when abbreviated. Use a hyphen to show a range of dates and do not repeat 20 (2012-13, not 2012-2013). It was put into effect at first for big businesses, but was then gradually adopted by everyone as a standardized format. The image of a Southern belle is often characterized by fashion elements such as a hoop skirt, a corset, pantalettes, a wide-brimmed straw hat, and gloves. The other concern I have is that southern is a geographical term, that I feel shouldn't be usurped in this way. Here are the types of words that should be capitalized: Proper nouns. Are seasons capitalized or not? The word states would remain lower case if states is referred to in a general way, such as There are two senators for each state.. Capitalizing "North," "South," "East," and "West" when they're part of a proper noun (i.e., the name of a specific geographical region or culture). Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. You should capitalize "North," "South," "East," and "West" when they're part of a proper noun (i.e., the name of a unique thing). Whether youre writing an essay, email, or cover letter, youll likely use parentheses. Should I capitalize "the north" and "the south" in my work on the southern campaign of the Revolutionary war? After all, it was named after its inventor, Edwin Southern, and therefore the use of the capital is justified. AP Style states that when referring to the names of a nation, directions should . Names of racial and ethnic groups are treated as proper nouns, which means they are capitalized (e.g., African American, Asian American, Black, European American, First Nations, Hispanic, Native American, Latinx, White). Use capital letters in the following ways: The first words of a sentence When he tells a joke, he sometimes forgets the punch line. The Department decided on the current two-letter abbreviations in October 1963. Is that an argument? Do you capitalize the word state when referring to a state? If you are referring to a group of proper nouns such as the Western States. However, if youre referring to a general location, such as the western winds then western should be lowercase. are widely recognized as popular names and are thus capitalized. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Should southern be capitalized? Dates. Many scholars now study the global South. "southern California" is not the same as "Southern California". AP Style says it should be capitalized while the Chicago Style Manual says it should be lowercased. I work in marketing, and I'm wondering if lowercasing the words "off" and "under" in these headlines is correct: "50% off Body Wash" and "Gift Sets under $40.". For example: But when the terms are used to indicate a region, they are capitalized for example, the "West Coast". My friend is a southerner. 4 Is Southern California capitalized AP style? However, when the terms southerner and northerner refer to people on either side of the United States civil war, the civil war was fought between Southerners and Northerners. As an aside, when we toured through the San Francisco Peninsula earlier this year, our guide told us that the natives generally didn't like the name 'Silicon Valley'. We also lowercase the terms when they refer to people: My friend is a southerner. In general, you should capitalize the names of countries and languages. EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Limited Or Anthology Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actress In A Comedy Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Supporting Actor In A Comedy Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actress In A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actor In A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie. State names had to be abbreviated to make room for the ZIP code. The correct answer is option C. In option A, the word Chemistry is only capitalized leaving the other proper noun in lower case. In most forms of writings, not capitalizing direction names when they could have been capitalized doesn't bother the readers much. If states is being referred to in a general manner, such as There are two senators for each state, then the word states would remain lower case. For up-to-date guidance, see the ninth edition of the MLA Handbook. It also looks at when to capitalize those regions when they are used as adjectives and to describe U.S. geographic populations. Q. Hello! Which sentence is capitalized correctly I learned that Thor? As a result, noun will always be the first capital letter. In what contexts would I capitalize "city" and "county"? Capitalize regional terms when they refer to a commonly accepted proper name of an area. For example, Silicon Valley isn't a proprietary name or legally defined area, but it receives initial caps anyway. Otherwise, not. It's the inconsistency or the abrupt switching between capitalized letters and lowercase letters is what that puts readers off. Why distinguishes money from other assets in the economy. Do not capitalize them when they follow possessive pronouns such as her, his, my, our, your. Why Do Cross Country Runners Have Skinny Legs? Western (and Northern) blots however, were not named after inventors but were given these names in honor of . any that aren't articles, conjunctions or prepositions) should be capitalised. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. In all cases, though, you should: Check your style guide (if applicable) for advice on specific terms. So it would be best to check your style guide if you have one and to make sure whatever you choose is used consistently. when they indicate compass direction, but capitalize when they indicate a region: the West Coast. To properly follow AP style guidelines, only use one space after a period, as opposed to the often used double-space. Is Southern capitalized in southern states? The main style guides all agree on this, although . If you are referring to a group of proper nouns such as the Southern States. However, if youre referring to a general location, such as the southern winds then southern should be lowercase. What is thought to influence the overproduction and pruning of synapses in the brain quizlet? Capitalize such words as northern, southern, eastern, and western when they refer to the people in a region or to their political, social, or cultural activities. The obvious examples of this are countries, states, cities, and other geographical areas: We study the history of Eastern Europe. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Erin Wright with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. If it's a general noun such as a river, lake, ocean, etc., the region need not be capitalized. The word "southern" is not part of the official name of California or any city or county, so I never capitalize it. Here are directions capitalized in sentences: Words such as "southerner" and "northerner" are usually not capitalized if they denote people. Do You Capitalize the Word "Queen" in a Sentence? The obvious examples of this are countries, states, cities, and other geographical areas: We study the history of Eastern Europe. Also, if "region" is the first word in a sentence, it is capitalized. Explanation: Because, Pisces is a noun. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. The Chicago Manual of Style. You capitalize state only when it follows the name of the state, as in New York State is also called the Empire State, or when its part of a traditional name for a state, like Empire State or Lone Star State. When it precedes the name of the state, dont capitalize the word unless its part of a title of . I don't think there's an established norm for identifying regions of Albania in English (although you might get a different answer if you asked an Albanian, I suppose), but looking at Google Ngrams, "southeastern Albania" seems to be the most common option: https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=southeast+Albania%2Csoutheastern+Albania%2Csouth-east+Albania%2Csouth-eastern+Albania&year_start=1800&year_end=2019&corpus=26&smoothing=3&direct_url=t1%3B%2Csoutheast%20Albania%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Csoutheastern%20Albania%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Csouth%20-%20east%20Albania%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Csouth%20-%20eastern%20Albania%3B%2Cc0 The example you give is a generic direction used as an adjective (like the "east wing of the mansion" example in the post), so no capitalization is required. 5 Should states and territories be Capitalised? So, should you capitalize regions when writing? That means you should lowercase articles, conjunctions, and prepositionshowever, some style guides say to capitalize conjunctions and prepositions that are longer than five letters. Capitalize such words as northern, southern, eastern, and western when they refer to the people in a region or to their political, social, or cultural activities. Similar is the case with the following set of words: Here are a couple of sentences for further clarity on the matter: When terms such as "southern district" and "western region" are used as names for specific units within an organization, capitalize them. How to tell which packages are held back due to phased updates. The mines are in the plateaus western region. Why are trials on "Law & Order" in the New York Supreme Court? Which Is More Stable Thiophene Or Pyridine. Canada, Western European nations and developed parts of Asia; Global Southern countries are those that are less economically developed such as nations in Africa and some parts of Asia [29 . As a general thumb rule, if a particular direction (north, south, etc.) When words like northern, southern, eastern, and western precede a place name, they are not ordinarily capitalized, because they merely indicate general location within a region. when they indicate compass direction, but capitalize when they indicate a region: the West Coast. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy.
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