The areas of Southern and Eastern Shore Maryland, especially those on the Chesapeake Bay (which neighbored Virginia), which had prospered on the tobacco trade and slave labor, were generally sympathetic to the South, while the central and western areas of the state, especially Marylanders of German origin,[5] had stronger economic ties to the North and thus were pro-Union. The presentation will include discussion of some of the improvements in the practice of medicine and surgery as a result of the experiences and learning during the Civil War, when coupled with the germ theory and other discoveries after the War, resulted in a revolution in medical science, and the age of modern medicine in America. Hardened veterans, scarcely strangers to the sting of battle, nevertheless found themselves ill-prepared for the horror and despondency awaiting them inside Civil War prison camps. Author Robert Plumb reads from McClellands letters and narrative excerpts from his book, Your Brother in Arms, which offer a front-line soldiers view of some of the most crucial battles fought during the Civil War from Gettysburg to Petersburg. This presentation, based on the speakers 2009 book, 2023 Montgomery County History Conference, African American History in Montgomery County, Stonestreet Museum of 19th Century Medicine. Communicable diseases such as smallpox and rubella swept through Alton Prison like wild fire, killing hundreds. One prisoner commenting on the daily death toll and foul conditions proclaimed, (I) walk around camp every morning looking for acquaintances, the sick, &c. (I) can see a dozen most any morning laying around dead. Plumb will cover highlights of the womens contributions, their legacies, and their defining qualities such as courage, self-assurance, and persistence that led to their successes. In recent years, America has commemorated valor by erecting monuments to entire wars, such as the World War II and the Vietnam Veterans Memorials. [citation needed], Thousands of Union troops were stationed in Charles County, and the Federal Government established a large, unsheltered prison camp at Point Lookout at Maryland's southern tip in St. Mary's County between the Potomac River and the Chesapeake Bay, where thousands of Confederates were kept, often in harsh conditions. [86], The legacies of the debate over Lincoln's heavy-handed actions that were meant to keep Maryland within the union include measures such as arresting one third of the Maryland General Assembly, which was controversially ruled unconstitutional at the time by Maryland native Justice Roger Taney, and in the lyrics of the former Maryland state song, Maryland, My Maryland, which referred to Lincoln as a "despot," a "vandal," and, a "tyrant.". [9], After John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry in 1859, many citizens began forming local militias, determined to prevent a future slave uprising. Archaeological work is continuing on the only blockhouse now located on county park land at Blockhouse Point. Lincoln had wished to issue his proclamation earlier, but needed a military victory in order for his proclamation not to become self-defeating. 69-70. Modern estimates place the total deaths close to 1,000 men, however, period assessments varied greatly. The 120 or so Union soldiers interned there were fed meager yet adequate rations, sanitation was passable, shielding from the elements was provided, and the prisoners were even allowed to play recreational games such as baseball. Lucius Eugene Chittenden, U.S. Treasurer during the Lincoln Administration, described the dreadful and horrifying conditions Union soldiers found at Belle Isle: "In a semi-state of nuditylaboring under such diseases as chronic diarrhea, scurvy, frost bites, general debility, caused by starvation, neglect and exposure, many of them had partially lost their reason, forgetting even the date of their capture, and everything connected with their antecedent history. But few escaped to tell the tale.[65]. Subscribe to the American Battlefield Trust's quarterly email series of curated stories for the curious-minded sort! They built numerous campgrounds on this inhospitable mountain that lacked water, level ground, or adequate sanitation conditions. During the early summer of 1861, several thousand Marylanders crossed the Potomac to join the Confederate Army. WebCivil War Campsites in Maryland C&O Canal Campgrounds. In addition to the high frequency of scurvy, many prisoners endured intense bouts of dysentery which further weakened their frail bodies. "[77][78] Some didn't recall hearing Booth shout anything in Latin. With the increase in men came overcrowding, decreased sanitation, shortages of food, and thus the proliferation of disease, filth, starvation, and death. On the night of June 27, 1863, Confederate General J.E.B. Literate and evocative, the letters convey an authentic perspective of a soldier who experienced one of the bloodiest and most transformative wars in American history. WebCamp Washington (1) - A Mexican War Camp in New Jersey (1839, 1846-1848). Of the 11,764 Confederates who entered Alton Federal Prison, no fewer than 1,500 perished as result of various diseases and aliments. Between 1861 and 1865, some 29 Union regiments from 13 states stationed at Muddy Branch guarded the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal and the Potomac River crossings in the general area between Seneca and Pennyfield Locks. Author Robert Plumb reads from McClellands letters and narrative excerpts from his book, Between 1861 and 1865, some 29 Union regiments from 13 states stationed at Muddy Branch guarded the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal and the Potomac River crossings in the general area between Seneca and Pennyfield Locks. Despite some popular support for the cause of the Confederate States of America, Maryland did not secede during the Civil War. "The social and economic impact of the Civil War on Maryland" (PhD dissertation, The Ohio State University, 1963) (ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1963. Even though antebellum prison buildings provided some protection from the elements, blistering summers and brutal winters weakened the immune systems of the already malnourished and shabbily clothed Rebel prisoners. 56,000 men died in prison camps over the course of the war, accounting for roughly 10% of the war's total death toll and exceeding American combat losses in World War I, Korea, and Vietnam. By December of that year, more than 9,000 were imprisoned. William A. Dobak, Freedom by the Sword, Skyhorse Publishing, 2013, Eastern Theater of the American Civil War, constitution which the state adopted in 1864, Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, History of the Maryland Militia in the Civil War, List of Maryland Confederate Civil War units. Suitable for adults and young adults. [61], One of the bloodiest battles fought in the Civil war (and one of the most significant) was the Battle of Antietam, fought on September 17, 1862, near Sharpsburg, Maryland, in which Marylanders fought with distinction for both armies. This is a common thread among camps over the course of the Civil War. While other men born in Maryland may have served in other Confederate formations, the same is true of units in the service of the United States. 228-259 listing more than 300 men born in Maryland. Provided by Touchpoints Contact Info Mailing Address: [3] In all nine newspapers were shut down in Maryland by the federal government, and a dozen newspaper owners and editors like Howard were imprisoned without charges.[3]. Next, was an encounter between some of Stuarts soldiers and the students of a female academy in Rockville, thus delaying the army again. Web18CH305 Introduction Camp Stanton describes the US Colored Troop Civil War military encampment on the Patuxent River in Charles County, Maryland. One smallpox outbreak claimed the lives over 300 men during the winter of 1862 alone. Dr. Edward Stonestreet of Rockville served as Montgomery County Examining Surgeon in 1862, performing physical examinations on local Union Army recruits and draftees. Major William Goldsborough, whose memoir The Maryland Line in the Confederate Army chronicled the story of the rebel Marylanders, wrote of the battle: nearly all recognized old friends and acquaintances, whom they greeted cordially, and divided with them the rations which had just changed hands. The Maryland General Assembly convened in Frederick and unanimously adopted a measure stating that they would not commit the state to secession, explaining that they had "no constitutional authority to take such action,"[19] whatever their own personal feelings might have been. However, the issues raised by Andersonville were shared by many camps on both sides. Stuarts actions proved a catastrophe for the Confederacy because he should have been with Robert E. Lees army in Pennsylvania. Real and reproduction Civil War-era medical instruments will be shown and used, along with a variety of Civil War-era bullets, Minie balls, grape shot, buck shot, clusters, and other slugs (all inert, safe, and with no gun powder) that created many of the battlefield wounds that the surgeons had to treat. [38][39], The following month in November 1861, Judge Richard Bennett Carmichael, a presiding state circuit court judge in Maryland, was imprisoned without charge for releasing, due to his concern that arrests were arbitrary and civil liberties had been violated, many of the southern sympathizers seized in his jurisdiction. The destruction was accomplished the next day. Monocacy was a tactical victory for the Confederate States Army but a strategic defeat, as the one-day delay inflicted on the attacking Confederates cost rebel General Jubal Early his chance to capture the Union capital of Washington, D.C. Across the state, some 50,000 citizens signed up for the military, with most joining the United States Army. Most Marylanders fought for the Union, but after the war a number of memorials were erected in sympathy with the Lost Cause of the Confederacy, including in Baltimore a Confederate Women's Monument, and a Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument. [26], Butler went on to occupy Baltimore and declared martial law, ostensibly to prevent secession, although Maryland had voted solidly (5313) against secession two weeks earlier,[27] but more immediately to allow war to be made on the South without hindrance from the state of Maryland,[25] which had also voted to close its rail lines to Northern troops, so as to avoid involvement in a war against its southern neighbors. In other words, the Assembly members could only agree to state that the war was being fought over the issue of secession. [55] Later in 1861, Baltimore resident W W Glenn described Steuart as a fugitive from the authorities: I was spending the evening out when a footstep approached my chair from behind and a hand was laid upon me. For more than three years - May 1862 through July 1865 - Union soldiers lived, worked, and played on Maryland Heights. Jim Johnston uses the statues to tell the story of the Civil War and of the artistry that went into them. On September 14, 1862, Union forces led by Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan met Gen. Robert E. Lee s divided army at the Battle of South Mountain. Was he right, or was he just telling another tall soldiers tale? Many Marylanders were simply pragmatic, recognizing that the state's long border with the Union state of Pennsylvania would be almost impossible to defend in the event of war. In September 1863, Rebel prisoners totaled 4,000 men. But on July 10, Confederate General Jubal Early rode intoRockvillewith 15,000 men headed for Washington D.C. Antietam Camp #3 is part of the Department of the Chesapeake, which includes Delaware, the District of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia. There formerly was a Confederate monument behind the courthouse in Rockville, Maryland, dedicated to "the thin grey line". Despite the controversial number Confederates claiming only a few hundred and the Union claiming upwards of 15,000 mortalities the dreadful conditions Federal prisoners faced is unquestionable. The document, which replaced the Maryland Constitution of 1851, was largely advocated by Unionists who had secured control of the state, and was framed by a Convention which met at Annapolis in April 1864. An honor system was set up where each side would take care of housing its own soldiers who had been designated as being on parole, meaning they would not fight in combat unless they were formally exchanged. The federal troops executing Judge Carmichael's arrest beat him unconscious in his courthouse while his court was in session, before dragging him out, initiating a public controversy. civil War original matches. The poet Walt Whitman was driven to comment on the shocking living arrangements at Belle Isle after encountering surviving prisoners, appalled at "the measureless torments of thehelpless young men, with all their humiliations, hunger, cold, filth, despair, hope utterly given out, and the more and more frequent mental imbecility.". [46], Maryland Exiles, including Arnold Elzey and brigadier general George H. Steuart, would organize a "Maryland Line" in the Army of Northern Virginia which eventually consisted of one infantry regiment, one infantry battalion, two cavalry battalions and four battalions of artillery. ContactMatthew Gagleor call 301-340-2825. The Majority of our funds go directly to Preservation and Education. Colonel Mobley: 7th Maryland Volunteer Infantry in the Civil War By Justin T. Mayhew 168 pages Self-published Softcover (available through the author: 301-331-2449) Fresh Insights into Civil War Prison Camps. Howard described these events in his 1863 book Fourteen Months in American Bastiles, where he noted that he was imprisoned in Fort McHenry, the same fort where the Star Spangled Banner had been waving "o'er the land of the free" in his grandfather's song. [59], On 6 September 1862 advancing Confederate soldiers entered Frederick, Maryland, the home of Colonel Bradley T. Johnson, who issued a proclamation calling upon his fellow Marylanders to join his colors. WebJuly 4 First civilian death occurs in Harpers Ferry when businessman Frederick Roeder is shot by a Union soldier on Maryland Heights. WebOver the nine years (1933 - 1942) the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) operated in Maryland , there was an average of twenty-one CCC Camps in the state and any given time, with 15 of these camps sponsored by the State Board of Forestry and located in State Forests and State Parks. In more recent times, markers have been erected at the supposed site on the C&O Canal at Violettes and Rileys locks. [citation needed] Most of these volunteers tended to hail from southern and eastern counties of the state, while northern and western Maryland furnished more volunteers for the Union armies. The Civil War Camps at Muddy Branch and the Outpost Camp and Blockhouse at Blockhouse PointSpeaker: Don Housley. Donate Now, Civil War in Montgomery County and the Region. To serve as early warning stations on bluffs overlooking the Potomac, Union troops built a series of blockhouses. WebThe Civil War Museum (currently closed) Schoolhouse Ridge Trails The 1862 Battle of Harpers Ferry Museum Maryland Heights Trail Bolivar Heights Trail Murphy-Chambers Farm Trail Last updated: July 24, 2019 Was this page helpful? [47], Captain Bradley T. Johnson refused the offer of the Virginians to join a Virginia Regiment, insisting that Maryland should be represented independently in the Confederate army. The city was in panic. [57] When the prisoners were taken, many men recognized former friends and family. To serve as early warning stations on bluffs overlooking the Potomac, Union troops built a series of blockhouses. We Were There, Too: Nurses in the Civil War Reenactor: Candace Ridington. Because of this previous imprisonment, they were weaker and more susceptible to the harsh conditions and communicable diseases that flourished at Florence Stockade. Florence Stockade operated from September 1864 to February 1865 and 15,000 to 18,000 Union soldiers were processed through the camp. If they were lucky, several men could be crammed into thin canvas tents, but most were forced to construct their own drafty shelters.
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